Salkantay Peru Guide: Tours, Hiking, Maps, Buildings, Facts and History

Salkantay is considered the highest peak in the Vilcabamba mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes. It is located in the Cusco Region, about 60 kilometers west-northwest of the city of Cusco. Salkantay has two snow-topped peaks, known as China Salkantay and Salkantay hembra, that are separated by a pass that opens into the Santa Ana valley in the Urubamba province.

The name Salkantay is an abbreviation that comes sallqa, a Quencha word meaning wild, uncivilized, savage, or invincible, and Antay means to produce celajas or avalanches. It was recorded as early as 1583. Salkantay is often translated as “Savage Mountain”. Salkantay Trek is an ancient and remote footpath located in the same region as the Inca Trail.

The weather in Salkantay varies because it winds its way through wildly different terrain at different altitudes. Salkantay Pass and the surrounding area is the only location where the weather is a serious problem because the temperatures here and at the nearby Soraypampa campsite may drop below freezing. The temperature there is freezing, which can reach -10 Degrees Celsius.

Other campsites are much warmer due to their proximity to the cloud forest. In the addition, The rainy seasons are from October to March. The temperature on days is 19 Degrees Celsius and sunny, while the night’s temperature is not so cold, at 18 Degrees Celsius, but the frequency of rhymes increases considerably.

The dry seasons are in the month of April to September where the days in Salkantay Mountain have a steady climate, usually, 18 Degrees Celsius, but the nights reach their lowest temperatures in the year, which is 10 Degrees Celsius. The climate changes into a tropical environment, except for the Salkantay Pass. As a result, it has become an essential contributor to Peru’s economy. In addition to this, it has a significant effect on the tourism business in Peru.

A village built at the base of the mountain called Aguas Calientes became a cultural hub with more than a hundred hotels, tourist stores, and restaurants. Tourism at Salkantay currently contributes more than $40 million annually to Peru’s economy. 

In addition, The classic Salkantay trek does not finish at the sun gate of Machu Picchu. Rather, it ends at Aguas Calientes town. On the last day of the Salkantay trek, tourists go on a guided tour of Machu Picchu that lasts for three hours.

 

What is the Salkantay Mountain History?

Salkantay is considered the highest peak in the Vilcabamba mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes. It is located in the Cusco Region, about 60 kilometers west-northwest of the city of Cusco. Salkantay has two snow-topped peaks, known as China Salkantay and Salkantay hembra, that are separated by a pass that opens into the Santa Ana valley in the Urubamba province.

The name Salkantay is an abbreviation that comes sallqa, a Quencha word meaning wild, uncivilized, savage, or invincible and Antay means to produce celajas or avalanches. It was recorded as early as 1583. Salkantay is often translated as “Savage Mountain”. Salkantay Trek is an ancient and remote footpath located in the same region as the Inca Trail.

The Southern Cross is above the summit that can be viewed from Machu Picchu’s main sundial. Their alignment is related by the Incas with the concept of rain and fertility and considered Salkantay as one of the principal deities controlling the weather and fertility in the region west of Cuzco.

The weather in Salkantay varies because it winds its way through wildly different terrain at different altitudes. Salkantay Pass and the surrounding area is the only location where the weather is a serious problem because the temperatures here and at the nearby Soraypampa campsite may drop below freezing.

The temperature there is freezing, which can reach -10 Degrees Celsius. Other campsites are much warmer due to their proximity to the cloud forest. In the addition, The rainy seasons are in the month of October to March. The temperature during days is 19 Degrees Celsius and sunny, while the night’s temperature is not so cold, with 18 Degrees Celsius, but the frequency of rhymes increases considerably.

The dry seasons are in the month of April to September where the days in Salkantay Mountain have a steady climate, usually 18 Degrees Celsius, but the nights reach their lowest temperatures in the year, which is 10 Degrees Celsius. The climate changes into a tropical environment, except for the Salkantay Pass. As a result, it has become an essential contributor to Peru’s economy.

What does Salkantay Mean?

Oftentimes, Salkantay is interpreted as “Savage Mountain” and as stated by some authors, the name Salkantay comes from a Quencha word, sallqa meaning wild, uncultured, savage, or unbeatable, and Antay means to produce celajas that means avalanches. 

What are the theories about the origin of the Salkantay mountain?

Based on historical and geological studies, scholars have devised three different theories regarding Salkantay origin.

1. The first idea is that Salkantay mountain was made by a volcanic eruption or series of eruptions millions of years ago. Geological evidence suggests that this happened in an area with a lot of natural tectonic activity. Scientists think lava would have been forced up below the surface, making a dome-shaped structure with a peak 4,638 meters above sea level. This theory is backed up by the fact that there are many igneous rocks on and around the mountain and earthquakes in the area.
2. The second theory says that an ancient glacier shaped Slakantay mountain during a time when glaciers moved around. During this time, big chunks of ice moved across the landscape, slowly wearing away the ground beneath them until they left behind what seems to be the unique shape of Slakantay today. The fact that rocks on and near the mountain range have lines supports this idea.
3. Lastly, some people think that Salkantay mountain was made when orogenic forces like plate tectonics or earth movements like earthquakes caused it to rise. This theory explains why its eastern ridge has a lot of geological faulting and why some parts look higher than others even though they may not be older.

What are the myths about the Salkantay mountain?

Listed below are the myths about the Salkantay mountain

 

• Myth #1: Requires a tour guide. Even though a tour guide is required to make a hiking trip safe, tour guides are not necessary
• Myth #2: Salkantay is less crowded than Machu Picchu. The Inca trail has a limit of 500 people; the Salkantay trek does not have such limitations. It tends to become crowded during the high season.
• Myth #3: The number of trekkers to Salkantay is limited. The Salkantay trek does not have limitations concerning the number of people hiking there.
• Myth #4: The Salkantay trek arrives directly at Machu Picchu. The Salkantay hike is located outside the Machu Picchu National Sanctuary and does not end at Machu Picchu.
• Myth #5: Machu Picchu is the only attraction in Salkantay. The Salkantay trek has many great things to be seen, such as the Humantay lake and the Cocalmayo hot springs.
• Myth #6: Permit is needed. No permits are required for the classic Salkantay trek. However, tickets are required for the Salkantay to Huayllabamba and Km82 trek.
• Myth #7: It has Incan ruins along the way. The classic Salkantay trek has no archeological sites; only the Salkantay to Huayllbamba and km 82 have many such places. 

 

How is the Salkantay mountain formed?

Below are the three main scientific theories about the formation of the Salkantay mountain based on historical and geological studies.

1. The first idea is that Salkantay mountain was made by a volcanic eruption or series of eruptions millions of years ago. Geological evidence suggests that this happened in an area with a lot of natural tectonic activity. Scientists think lava would have been forced up below the surface, making a dome-shaped structure with a peak 4,638 meters above sea level. This theory is backed up by the fact that there are many igneous rocks on and around the mountain and earthquakes in the area.
2. The second theory says that an ancient glacier shaped Slakantay mountain during a time when glaciers moved around. During this time, big chunks of ice moved across the landscape, slowly wearing away the ground beneath them until they left behind what seems to be the unique shape of Slakantay today. The fact that rocks on and near the mountain range have lines supports this idea.
3. Lastly, some people think that Salkantay mountain was made when orogenic forces like plate tectonics or earth movements like earthquakes caused it to rise. This theory explains why its eastern ridge has a lot of geological faulting and why some parts look higher than others even though they may not be older.

Is the Salkantay mountain Important for Peru History?

Salkantay is one of Peru’s finest mountains, and it holds historical and spiritual significance to the Peruvian indigenous people in Cusco region. They recognized the mountains as the protectors of all living creatures including people and animals.

In their worldview, the superior spirits in the mountains do not speak to humans directly. Instead Andean priests known as Alto Misayoq (Paqos) perform rituals, and give invocations, prayers, and offerings to speak to the Apus or the spirits, to ask for protection.

The belief is based on the ecological reality since meteorological phenomena such as snow, hail, rain, clouds, lightning, and thunder are often derived from the mountains. The mountains were deemed as a kind of god of war. 

Is the Salkantay trek safe?

The Salkantay Trek is a safe destination overall despite being one of the busiest hiking destinations in the Cusco region compared to others. As a matter of safe hiking practices, it is only recommended to go there with a tour guide, and it is advisable to be cautious and aware of the natural surroundings. Salkantay is considered one of the most challenging but possible routes to hike. It is safer to have a guide since having a travel guidebook is not the same as having tour guides. 

Where is the Salkantay mountain located?

Salkantay is situated in the Cusco Region, about 60 kilometers (37 miles) west-northwest of the city of Cusco. It is the second-largest mountain in the Cordillera de Vilcabamba in the Andes of Southern Peru.

It has two snow-topped peaks, such as China Salkantay and Salkantay Hembra, that are divided by a pass that opens into the Santa Ana valley in the Urubamba province. Machu Picchu rests right to the north of Salkantay, at the end of the ridge stretching down from this mountain. The Southern Cross is above the summit that can be viewed from Machu Picchu’s main sundial.

In addition, as the trek begins and climbs up towards Soraypampa, the scenic views of Humantay lake and Salkantay Mountain can be seen. Moreover, in the Salkantay hike to Machu Picchu, the highest point that can be reached is the Inkachiriaska pass which stands at 5000 meters or 16400 ft, on the Salkantay to Inca Trail route. Furthermore, the Salkantay pass altitude is 4600 meters or 16,090 feet on the Salkantay to Santa Teresa route; The cloud forest, rainforest, and jungles can be incredibly seen in only four days of hiking.  

 What are the coordinates of Salkantay?

The topographical coordinates of Salkantay is 13° 20′ 1″ South, 72° 32′ 40″ West and are situated in Anta, Cuzco Region, Peru. 

What are the Tours for the Salkantay mountain?

There are four types of tours of the Salkantay trek.

Horse riding tours. Taking on the Salkantay trek by horse is a beautiful experience as it gives people traveling with children, elders, and families a chance to explore this wonderful area. However, these horse riding tours will require that people are adequately acclimatized and have some degree of expertise regarding horse riding. Also, at times, it will be required that riders get off the horses to hike on the steep terrain to avoid accidents. The horse-riding tours are much better than the other tours because they have plenty of time to enjoy the mountain views and spend a lot more time in the campsites. At Evolution Treks Peru, we organize horse riding tours upon demand and only on a private and luxury basis. The price of these exclusive tours ranges between 1200 USD per person for private tours and 3500 USD for glamping luxury tours.

Tours by car. The tours by car are the easiest of all Salkantay tours as they provide a chance to perform different activities such as horse riding to Salkantaypampa and the Humantay lake, as well as a magnificent fire pit under the amazing Andean sky. The tours by car are offered to anyone of any age as long as they are properly acclimatized. The duration of the Salkantay tour by car ranges between 250 and 400 USD, depending on the number of activities tourists choose to perform.

Hiking tours. Salkantay mountain is an area overwhelmingly dedicated to hiking. There are two different hiking routes in the area. The first and most recommended is the Salkantay trek to Huayllabamba, connecting with the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. The duration of this hike is six days and five nights. Depending on the service people take, the price ranges between 1300 and 4500 USD per person. There are private and glamping options available. This route can be modified to end at the 82 Km or Piscacucho and connect with Machu Picchu by train.

Mountain biking tours on the Salkantay route. It is highly recommended that only expert bikers take this challenge as the steep terrain and sheer drops pose a deadly challenge.

What is the best season for hiking the Salkantay trek?

The best time to hike any of the Salkantay mountain treks is from March to November, which is considered the dry season. Temperatures during the dry season can average 19 Degrees Celsius, the skies are clear to enjoy the most spectacular views, while at night, they drop to minus 4 degrees Celsius.

In addition, there is a high chance of rain in the lower parts of the valleys near Salkantay as they are located in a more humid and tropical area called; cloud florest. Moreover, December to February is the rainy season, and we recommend other much safer routes, such as the Inca Trail or the Lares trek. The classic Salkantay trek is prone to landslides, making it more dangerous than other routes.

What are the Hiking Routes for Salkantay?

There are two routes to climb Salkantay trekking: the Salkantay trek to Machu Picchu via Llaqtapata and Hidroelectrica and the Salkantay trek to the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. The Salkantay Trek to Machu Picchu is considered one of Cusco’s most picturesque hiking routes. It provides adventurers a chance to experience glacier mountains, crisp lakes such as the Humantay lake, and lush cloud forests.

It’s an unforgettable journey that spans 74 Km (45.98 miles) over five days with plenty of time for sightseeing along the way – from Soraypampa to Salkantay pass, its highest point, 4,635 meters (15,200 feet) down into Santa Teresa Valley near Machu Picchu Sanctuary. Despite being an incredibly scenic trip, not enough attention has been given to preserving this incredible hike as it is not part of the National Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.

One of the most relevant downsides of this route is that it does not end directly in Machu Picchu. The average price of a tour to this destination is between 450USD and 600USD

The Salkantay Trek via Inkachiriaska offers an exciting, off-the-beaten-path experience for the adventurous traveler! Boasting untouched vistas of glaciers and lakes that can’t be seen on the other Salkantay Trek, this challenging trek also leads to impressive archaeological sites within the Machu Picchu Sanctuary.

With majestic views beyond compare and relative seclusion from crowds, this trek is a must for those brave enough to take on the challenge. The area in which this trek takes place is entirely located within the Machu Picchu National Sanctuary, making it more preserved and regulated than the other Salkantay trek.

The Salkantay trek via Inkachiriaska offers two alternatives for how to complete this hike. The first one connects with the Inca Trail and extends the hike’s duration to six days. The second one exits via the 82 km at Piscacucho, which connects with Machu Picchu by taking a train from Ollantaytambo in four days.

Alternatively, people can connect with the short Inca trail making this a five-day tour. Regarding prices, the Salkantay trek via Inkachiriaska and the Inca Trail costs between 1200 USD and 1800 USD, depending on the number of hikers. Also, the cost of the Salkantay trek to the 82 km and the short Inca trail costs between 1000 USD and 1400 USD per person depending on the number of people in a group.

What are the Closest Destinations to Salkantay?

Listed below is the closest destination to Salkantay.

• Mollepata. Mollepata is the nearest town to the Salkantay mountain; it is located 22 km (13 miles) away from Soraypamapa, the trailhead of the Salkantay trek. Mollepata is the last place where hikers can stock up on supplies for the long Salkantay trek.  
• Santa Teresa. Santa Teresa is located at the other end of the Salkantay trek, opposite to Mollepata. It is officially the end location of the Salkantay trek and the site of the Cocalmayo hot springs. 
• Aguas Calientes or Machu Picchu pueblo: It is the name of the most important city close to Machu Picchu. Aguas Calientes is a tourist city that hosts many hotels, restaurants, and other tourist services. The train and bus stations are located here, and the thermal baths are perfect places to recuperate and unwind after the arduous trek through the Salkantay mountain.
• Ollantaytambo: Ollantaytambo is located at the Sacred Valley of the Incas and is the location of the train station and one of the most beautiful archeological parks of Peru. 

How to Get from Machu Picchu to the Salkantay mountain?

Below is the guide on getting from Machu Picchu to Salkantay.

1. Walk from Aguas Calientes to Hidrolectrica, then transfer to a ‘colectivo’ that will take you to Santa Teresa. At Santa Teresa, transfer to a combi that will take you to La Playa. 
2.  From La Playa, hike to Collpapamba or Chaullay via the path that connects with the Salkantay pass. It takes about ten hours to cover the 16 km / 10-mile walk to Chaullay. 
3. Hike on the tourist path from La Playa to Salkantay pass for about 10 km. It takes about 8 hours to get to Salkantay pass from Chaullay as the trail is steep and uphill throughout the day. 
4. From Salkantay pass to Soraypampa, there are only 8 km / 5 miles on a downhill path that can be covered in 2 hours. Soraypampa is the start of the trailhead

What to know before trekking to Salkantay?

Listed below are the things to know before going to Salkantay. 

 

• Always book a tour in advance: Most tour operators recommend that travelers make reservations for this hike at least six months in advance to allow your tour operator to obtain the best Machu Picchu tickets. In some cases, Machu Picchu tickets will be sold out almost an entire year in advance, particularly during the high season. It is in the best interest to make preparations as long in advance. Buy your tickets if you are taking a solo hike on the Salkantay trek to Machu Picchu. Do the same with train tickets.
• Huayna Picchu and Machu Picchu mountain tickets cost extra: When tourists buy their tickets, they can pay an additional fee if they want to trek the mountains surrounding the ruins. Visitors who want to climb Huayna Picchu should get their admission tickets at least three months in advance.
• Visit Machu Picchu in the morning or late in the afternoon: The Beat, the crowds in the morning, to get the best sunrise views of Machu Picchu or be the last one to go there in the afternoon to enjoy the spectacular sunset views. 
• There are only a few bathrooms beyond the entrance: Tourists are permitted only on entry to Machu Picchu. Make sure you use the toilets before going on your guided tour of Machu Picchu, as there will not be toilets inside the archeological park
• Bring The Passport and Have It Stamped: Original passports are required to enter Machu Picchu. Also, as a memento of their trip, visitors to Machu Picchu can have their passports stamped with a unique Machu Picchu design.
• Hiking Without A Guide is Highly Discouraged: As a matter of safe hiking practices, we highly discourage people from hiking the classic Salkantay trek without a guide. 
• Permits are required for the Salkantay to Huayllabamba option. The ministry of culture requires all tourists hiking the Salkantay trek to Huayllabamba via Incachiriaska to go with a licensed operator. 
• Beware of Mosquitoes: Always protect the skin from mosquito bites in Machu Picchu by wearing long pants rather than shorts. The most effective method for avoiding these irritating red welts is to dress in long pants and sleeves whenever possible, even when the temperature is high. 
• Bring These Important Things: Be sure to carry some sunblock, insect repellent, and shampoo, at the very least, since the temperature can range from very frigid in the mornings to very hot in the middle of the day and quite rainy at any moment. It is a good idea to wear shoes that are comfortable for walking, a raincoat, and multiple layers of clothes. In addition, carrying a small or regular backpack is permitted; however, bringing a huge bag is not permitted.
• Tourists Can Still Bring Water Bottles: Refillable water bottles are permitted. 

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When is the Salkantay trek open?

The Salkantay trek is open every day of the year. However, hiking there from January to mid-March is highly discouraged due to the heavy rainfall of the Andean rainy season. In addition, April through October is considered the dry season, which is the ideal time to make a trip to the Salkantay mountain.

At this time of year, there is just a trace amount of precipitation, and the sky is typically clear. With that in mind, it is crucial to remember that even during the dry season, there may be isolated rain. When travelers travel to Salkantay during the wet season, which runs from November to March, they should be prepared for an increase in precipitation and cloud cover.

In addition, June, July, and August are the busiest months of the year. Tourists must book their tours in advance to get the finest times and locations to visit Machu Picchu after the Salkantay trek. During these months, visitors to Salkantay need to be aware that there will likely be a long line to board the bus from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu and enter the site.

Going to Machu Picchu in the early morning or late afternoon is recommended for the finest experience. Tourists will have a terrific time seeing Machu Picchu with fewer early visitors if they arrive at the citadel around six in the morning. They will also be able to witness the breathtaking dawn at Machu Picchu.

When tourists arrive at Machu Picchu after nine in the morning they will have a greater chance of experiencing pleasant weather and taking stunning photographs. Furthermore, visits in the late afternoon will provide an excellent opportunity to appreciate the citadel in peace.

How is the Salkantay trek Itinerary?

Below is the best itinerary for the Classic 5-day Salkantay trek

• Day one. Go by car from Cusco to Soraypampa. You will make a quick stop at Mollepata to check in with local authorities and have breakfast. From Soraypampa, you will start your hike; first to the Humantay lake and then to Salkantay Pampa, our first campsite.
• Day two. Continue hiking to the Salkantay pass via the tourist path, and it takes about 3 hours to get to the pass from Salkantay Pampa. From Salkantay pass, continue hiking downhill to Wayrajmachay, where lunch is served. After lunch, continue hiking through the cloud forest until you reach Collpapampa, the location of our second campground.
• Day three. Hike downhill from Collpapampa to La Playa, the location of our lunch place. After lunch, continue hiking until you reach our campsite at Mandor.
• Day four. Hike on the Inca Trail to LLaqtapata in the morning and continue hiking over the path next to the train tracks until you reach Aguas Calientes.
• Day five. Enjoy the Machu Picchu guided tour and return safely to Cusco on the afternoon train. We return to Cusco at 7 pm.

How much does it cost to visit Salkantay?

The price of touring the Salkantay trek varies from $400 to $800 for the five-day itinerary. However, If hiking solo, the tour cost is significantly less, ranging between 200 and 250 USD.

Organized tours include accommodation, transportation, admission charge, food, water, tents, mattresses, porters, chefs, and a professional English-speaking tour guide. Suppose people want to add an entrance ticket to Machu Picchu Mountain or Huayna Picchu Mountain.

In that case, the cost is an extra $90 per head, while the round-trip bus between Aguas Calientes and Machu Picchu is $24 per person, and the train ticket back to Cusco is 80 USD.

What is the best vehicle to get to the Salkantay mountain?

Auto or Mini-van are the best vehicles to get to Soraypamapa, the starting point of the Salkantay Trek. It takes about 4 hours to go from Cusco to Soraypampa. Alternatively, people can take public transportation by minibusses or buses.

The bus fare from Custo to Mollepata is $10, and from Mollepata to Soraypampa costs about the same. Furthermore, Salkantay has a no-fly zone after Peru’s Government banned it. The Government decides to protect and preserve the wildlife within the trail.

The Government decided to have a no-fly zone on the Salkantay since their environmentalists announced that plenty of wildlife animals and plants are affected by low-flying helicopter tours. Helicopters are not allowed to fly within a radius of the protected zone of archaeological sites, and the Government of Peru banned helicopter tours in 2018.

How many days should a person spend hiking the Salkantay trek?

Five days is the total duration of the Salkantay trek. The magnificent Salkantay trek is a grueling yet rewarding experience. At 66 kilometers, it is one of the longer treks Peru has to offer near the Machu Picchu national sanctuary. It involves significant changes in altitude throughout the itinerary. On average, this hike takes around 7-8 hours on foot daily. In addition, there are different itineraries to the Salkantay mountain, depending on your chosen route. For instance, the Salkantay trek plus Inca Trail takes between six and seven days, and the Salkantay trek via Inkachiriaska to the 82 km takes only four days with a tour of Machu Picchu included.

Is it possible to stay at Salkantay?

Yes, it is possible to stay in the Salkantay trek area. Many options are available for people who plan on staying on the Salkantay trek. For those who will hike the Salkantay route, there are camping tents that tour operators transport.

Camping tents are the best places to stay on the Salkantay trek, where trekkers relax and rest after a long, tiring hike on the trails. Also, some operators offer domes with beds and sheets to stay.

Others provide a more luxurious version in the mountain lodges of the Salkantay mountain. Even ‘Chozas” made of ‘Ichu’, a type of Andean grass and sticks, are available to those looking for a unique experience.

Which Civilization used Salkantay for what?

The Andean Civilization and the Incan people used the Salkantay trek as a religious path due to its impressive views of mountains, lakes, and waterfalls, which they deemed sacred according to their worldview. They believed that high snow-capped glaciers such as Salkantay were deities that controlled the livelihood of people and cattle. Different types of religious ceremonies and rituals, including the sacrifices of animals, were carried on by the Andean holy priests who came to the Salkantay mountain, particularly in nearby lakes where archeological remainings of these practices have been found. The Inca were one of the greatest empires in the Americas before the arrival of the Spaniards and are renowned for their incredible art, architecture, and agricultural centers. The crown jewel in their legacy is Machu Picchu – one of the world’s seven wonders.

How is the Geography of the Salkantay trek?

The geographical location of the Salkantay trek is the Vilcabamba range in the Peruvian Andes of the Cuzco region. Salkantay has two snow-topped summits, China Salkantay and Salkantay hembra, which are parted by a pass that opens into the Santa Ana valley in the Urubamba province. The mountain pass and the river that originates there are called Salkantay.

This river pours its waters into the Urubamba on its left bank. It also has a steep peak with significant vertical relief, precisely above the low valleys, which side streams of the Apurimac and Vilcanota Rive s. As traveling along Salkantay Trail, some plants can be encountered, such as Lupine and Dandelion. The soil in Salkantay can grow blackberries, giant wild taro plants, and blueberries.

On the other hand, the weather in Salkantay is sunny during the day but cold at night.

What is the Geological Profile of Salkantay?

The geological profile of Salkantay Mountain comprises a diverse range of rock types and tectonic events that have shaped its landscape over eons. The mountain lies on a series of fault lines, including regular and thrust faults. These faults have caused changes in elevation along with localized uplift and subsidence due to tectonic activity. Additionally, the mountain is composed mainly of sedimentary rocks, such as limestone and sandstone, formed during ancient marine environments.

Volcanic activity has also played a role in shaping the profile of Salkantay Mountain. Evidence suggests that volcanic eruptions occurred during the Holocene epoch (approximately 11,500 – 11 years ago), depositing ash and lava across much of what we now see as Salkantay’s slopes and ridges. This eruption was likely responsible for forming some or all of several prominent features on the mountain, including its U-shaped valleys and steep gorges, carved out by glacial activity.

Most of Salkantay’s higher elevations are covered by glaciers, which are known to move around a lot because of how they flow. When it’s warmer, they move downslope, but when it’s colder, they move back upslope. This process has been changing important parts of the landscape for thousands or even millions of years, leaving behind moraines and other glacial landforms like cirques and arêtes along its path (sharp-edged ridges).

Last but not least, erosion caused by rain has also changed the area around Salkatay Mountain’s base. Runoff from snowmelt has created many streams that flow downslope into nearby river basins and have also added a lot of material to the mountain’s talus fields (slopes composed primarily of angular fragments).

What are the archeological findings in Salkantay?

Ceremonial stone platforms and remainings sacrificial offerings were found at Humantay, Soctacocha, and Yanacocha lakes by using divers and sonar to create bathymetric maps. These lakes are located in the Salkantay mountain area.  Archeologist Dr. Maciej Sobczyk from the Center for Precolumbian Studies of the University of Warsaw performed excavations in different parts of the Salkantay mountain area, reaching all the way to parts of the renowned Inca Trail, such as Chachabmaba, Huayllabamba, and Inkarakay.

What is the nearest city to Salkantay?

Mollepata is the nearest city to Salkantay which is located 13 km / 8 miles from Soraypampa, the starting point of the Salkantay trek.

Mollepata is a mandatory stop for all travelers as it is here where they have to check in with park rangers and local authorities.

In addition, Mollepata is the last location where hikers can obtain provisions for the long Salcantay hike.

Mollepata is a typical Andean town with mudbrick buildings whose population is mainly dedicated to farming, and its population in 2021 was about 4000 inhabitants.

What are the nearest attractions to Salkantay Trail?

Listed below are the nearest attractions to Salkantay Trail.

 1. Machu Picchu

• Machu Picchu, often written Machupijchu, is a site of ancient Inca ruins that is located approximately 20 miles (30 km) northwest of Salkantay mountain. The trek from Salkantay to Machu Picchu can take up to 5 days.
•  Moray: The Inca were the ones who constructed Moray as their agricultural compound. Moray’s purposes are the cultivation of crops. Moray also has many Inca ruins, but the most known are the circular terraces.
• Patallacta: The Patallacta ruins still contain a dozen walled homes and other structures that can still be explored today. 
• Sitio Arqueologico Pinkuylluna: The Archeological site of Pinkuylluna is a historic place with impressive structures on the mountain’s edge.
• Ollantaytambo Sanctuary: The Ollantaytambo Sanctuary is a town created by the Inca, and their descendants currently remain inhabiting the ancient incan city. The Ollantaytambo Sanctuary’s stones remain impressive witnesses of the Inca might and can be seen all over its temples, fountains, and terraces. 
• Templo del Sol: The ‘Templo del Sol’, or temple of the sun, can be found in the town of Ollantaytambo. Templo del Sol was built by the Incas using massive pink granite stones with incredible views.
• Patallacta is also acknowledged as Q’entimarka, which means a city of hummingbirds. Patallacta is located in Cusco, near the route of the Inca Trail.

 

What are the books about Salkantay?

Below are the books referencing the Salkantay trek.

1. Tracing Inca Trails: An Adventure in the Andes by Eddy Ancinas. September, 20 2. Eddy Ancinas and her friends embarked on a brave seven-day horseback adventure across Peru’s wild landsca e. Their journey saw them cross an ancient Inca route, mountaineering twenty thousand feet above sea level at Mt Salcantay before they descended into the jungle bel w. But little could prepare these fifty-something travelers for the unexpected events ahead of them – from falls off horses to train strikes in remote villages, eight-hour treks along railroad tracks, or moonlight rides atop questionable brakes down dirt roads over fourteen thousand foot passes. 
2. Turn Right at Machu Picchu by Mark Adams: Mark Adams’ acclaimed novel The Turn Right at Machu Picchu explores the story of intrepid explorer Hiram Bingham III’s historic trip into Peru and his discovery of an ancient ci y. Though locals already knew its existence, it remained buried until its full grandeur could be revealed to the world through these adventuresome travels.
3. Sinchi Kary: Amaru Y El Tesoro De Salkantay By Justo Baella. In this exciting installment of Sinchi Kary’s adventures, the hero finds himself under orders from no less than the King of Gods to protect the Inca Empire’s heritage. Joining him on his quest is Miski – a goblin ally who has been by his side since day one! In part three, they bravely make their way into enemy territory to rescue Aramu Murujah and get them out safely with “Solar Disk” and Sacred Emerald safe & sound. 

Who are the scientists who worked on Salkantay?

The following is a list of the most important scientists who worked in the Salkantay mountain area.

• Hiram Bingham. In 1911, American archaeologist and politician Hiram Bingham began conducting archaeological research at Machu Picchu and the surrounding areas, including Salkantay mountain. 
• Archeologist Dr. Maciej Sobczyk from the Center for Precolumbian Studies of the University of Warsaw.
• Dr. Celina Luízar Obregón of the National University San Antonio Abad of Cusco.

Which district is Salkantay in?

Salkantay is located in the Mollepata district, Anta province, and the region of Cusco, about 60 kilometers northwest of Cusco. Salkantay has two snow-topped peaks, such as China Salkantay and Salkantay hembra, divided by a passage leading into the Santa Ana valley in the Urubamba province. 

Is Urubamba River close to the Salkantay?

The Urubamba River is approximately 45 kilometers from the Salkantay pass. It takes two full days of hiking from Salkantay to get to the Urubamba river at Santa Teresa. The Salkantay river, is born from the glacier waters of the Salkantay mountain, and pours its waters into the Urubamba river at Santa teresa. The Urubamba river is is located in the Andes of southern Peru and is one of the most important tributaries of the Amazon river

Does Urubamba River affect the History of Salkantay?

The Urubamba river has never affected the history of the formation of the Salkantay mountain as it is located relatively far from the mountain. On the contrary, the Salkantay mountain has had immense transformative effects in the formation of the Urubamba river. Many avalanches and mudslides from the Salkantay mountain have dramatically changed the course of the Urubamba river. The latest event of such magnitude occurred in 2020.

How did the people in Salkantay live in the Past?

The daily life of the people who lived in both Salkantay and Machu Picchu was described by strenuous family agricultural work. It is often imposed state or service in the military for men, and infrequent lighter instances of celebrations to commemorate important events in the society and serve to highlight the crop production calendar.

How was Agriculture in Salkantay?

Salkantay was worshipped as one fo the most important gods of the Andean people of the Cusco region. As such it was deemed to influence the fate of people and livestock regarding matters of fertility and food production. One of the essential elements of the Incan life was agriculture because they put great effort into managing food supplies. The Incas are known as the best agriculturists.

They constructed water storage cisterns and irrigation canals that glided and slanted their way down and across the mountains. Experts believe that the terraces and the impressive water aqueduct called Inca Channel or Canal Inca found along the Salkantay river were all made by the Incas. The Incas were able to cultivate hardy strains of food crops like potatoes, quinoa, and corn due to the creation of terraced agricultural systems. 

How was Mining in Salkantay?

The Incas had a significant wealth of gold and silver. The gold and silver used by the Inca came exclusively from surface sources, either in the form of gemstones or as a result of panning river beds. There were no mines among their possessions, and no mining during that time. On the other hand, when they were mining stones to be utilized in the construction of the Sacred Valley, they employed tools made of bronze to cut the stones and tougher stones that came from a quarry nearby.

How was the economy of the people in the Salkantay mountain ?

The Inca had a bountiful economy during its peak. Their primary resource was agriculture, which allowed them to trade with other places. Also, they had plenty of land, workers, mines, and freshwater everywhere. They were able to maintain a thriving economy by carefully utilizing those resources.

How was Daily Life in Salkantay?

The lives of the people in Salkantay depend on the type of work they are doing. Most of them were reliant on agricultural work. The remote road through the valley between two mountain ridges was originally used to deliver agricultural products to the people of Machu Picchu. They have a coffee plantation, and subtropical fruits and crops. 

What were the Religious Beliefs in Salkantay?

The Inca religion permeated nearly every facet of daily life. Sacred buildings, also known as temples, which were dedicated to their deities, served as one of the numerous focal places for their religious activities.

The Inca believed that the spirits of their creator lived in the elements of nature, such as the wind, rivers, trees, sun, the moon, rock, mountains, and the earth. As a result of this belief, the Inca constructed religious sites and other ritual areas to honor such spirits, including numerous structures at Machu Pichu.

Shrines in the form of platforms were built in different lakes and mountains in the Salkantay area susch as the Humantay and the Kinsacocha lakes.

In addition, throughout the year, they participated in several religious celebrations that featured music and dance performances, as well as food consumption and the offering of human sacrifices.

The Incas practiced mummifying their deceased because they thought their ancestors retained the ability to watch over their descendants even after death.

How is the Past of Salkantay presented to the visitors?

Hiking Salkantay is about discovering a unique land of unparalleled beauty where travelers from all over the world experience the vibrant culture inherited by the Peruvian people from their ancestors, the Inca. The ancient pathways which have connected travelers to Machu Picchu for centuries remain untouched and offer modern hikers a unique chance to get immersed in the powerful stories within its archaeological sites and architecture that continue to mesmerize visitors from near or far.

How is the Preservation of Salkantay?

The Salkantay trek area is made of two different routes. The Salkantay trek via Inkachiriaska is located inside the Machu Picchu Sanctuary which has many rules and regulations to protect and maintain its natural beauty and  its archeological sites. The Peruvian Government approved a law designed to forbid the use of plastic bags, straws, and styrofoam in areas that are part of the cultural and natural heritage of the world, and museums run by the government. However, the Salkantay trek to Machu Piccho via Santa Teresa is not with in the direct influence of the park and the efforts to maintain its preservation are limited by the informality of tour operators in the area.

Is there a modern town of Salkantay?

No, there is not a modern town of Salkantay. The nearest towns to Salkantay are Mollepata in the Southern side of Salkantay andSnata Teresa in the northern side. 

How is the Map of Salkantay Layout?

How was Transportation to Salkantay?

Transportation to the Salkantay mountain during Inca times was only done by foot. Incan people did not have horses or similar animals such as donkeys or mules. The only means of transportation to haul large amounts of weight was llamas. 

Does Salkantay have a No-fly Zone?

Yes, the Salkantay has a no-fly zone after Peru’s government banned it. The government decides to protect and preserve the wildlife within the trail. The government decided to have a no-fly zone on the Salkantay ever since their environmentalists announced that there are plenty of wildlife animals and plants that are affected by low-flying helicopter tours. Helicopters are not allowed to fly within a radius of the protected zone of archaeological sites. The government of Peru banned helicopter tours in 2018. 

Is Salkantay in UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

No, Salkantay is not included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, but Cuzco is part of it, where Salkantay is located. Cuzco is the most important tourist destination in Peru. Most tours depart from Cusco to all the hikign destinations around including Machu Picchu and Salkantay, 

What is the contribution of Salkantay to the Tourism in Peru?

Hiking and trekking in Peru are one of the latest trends in tourism in the world. Being the most wonderful trekking site and alternative route of the Inca Trail, Salkantay hugely and continuously contribute to the economy of Peru when it comes to tourism. Since Salkantay doesn’t limit visitors, many tourists can enjoy and discover lots of natural and cultural attractions. Approximately 4 million people visited Peru in 2017, and 1.3 million of those people visited the Inca citadel. Tourism in Peru contributed 9.4% to the total GDP in 2019 down from 9.5% the previous year. 

Is Salkantay an endangered destination?

Yes, Salkantay is endangered due to many factors that negatively affect the areas around Salkantay, such as the production of solid waste, erosion, landslides, mudslides, rock slides, and trail washouts. In February 2020, a giant mudslide happened in the village of Santa Teresa at the end of the Salkantay Trek. The incident occurred when the rain was heavier than usual. Trekking in the rainy season in Salkantay is not available. These months are November to March because, during these months, the trail is not safe. 

Is Salkantay floated in the past?

No, Salkantay has not floated in the past. However, the people who live there, like the Incas, remark that it makes them sense as though they are floating. 

Have any archeological artifacts from Salkantay been taken to Yale University?

No archeological findings, such as pottery, human remains, or metal objects coming from the Salkantay mountain, were ever taken to Yale University as happened to the Machu Picchu remainings. 

Some Sample Artifacts from Salkantay?

Listed below are some examples of artifacts from Salkantay.

• El Aribalo: El Aribalo is a ceramic jar used for transporting, preserving, and serving beer that is brewed from corn. The aribalo pottery was put to use not only in day-to-day life but also in the service of the dead as grave goods.
• El Quero: El Quero was a type of glass that originated in the Inca culture. It was used to consume liquids, such as the customary chicha de jora drink. El Quero was a piece of earthenware. Both the people of the Tiahuanaco civilization and the Incas employed the El Quero as a ceremonial container during important religious events. These celebrations took place at sacred sites.
• Bismuth (Ceremonial Knife): The ceremonial knife made of bismuth was the earliest Inca artifact discovered in Machu Picchu.
• White Kaolin Plate: The White Kaolin Plate was discovered at an old burial site that contained the remains of three adult women. 
• Inca Textiles: Inca textiles were created out of cotton, particularly along the coast and in the eastern lowlands, or wool from llamas, alpacas, and vicunas, which was more popular in the highlands. Cotton was more common on the coast and in the eastern lowlands. Only the Inca ruler was permitted to keep vicuna herds, and goods that were created with the wool of the super-soft vicuna were limited. 

What are the movies about Salkantay?

There are no movies or films about Salkantay. 

Who are the famous people visited Salkantay?

Listed below are some famous people who visited Salkantay.

• Leonardo DiCaprio (2003): Leonardo DiCaprio is an American actor and film producer. Known for his work as a leading man in biopics and period films. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and three Golden Globe Awards. 
• Cameron Diaz (2007): Cameron Michelle Diaz is an American actress. The recipient of multiple accolades, including nominations for four Golden Globe Awards and BAFTA Award. Cameron Diaz was named the highest-paid Hollywood actress over 40 in 2013. 
• Richard Gere (2010): Richard Tiffany Gere is one of the most popular American actors and producers. Besides being an actor, he is also an activist.
• Jim Carrey (2011): James Eugene Carrey is a Canadian-American actor and comedian. Known for his energetic slapstick performances. Jim Carrey first gained recognition in 1990, after landing a recurring role in the American sketch comedy television series In Living Color. 
• Matthew McConaughey (2012): Matthew David McConaughey is an American actor. He had his breakout role with a supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused. After several supporting roles, his first success as a leading man came in the legal drama; A Time to Kill. 

Bill Gates: William Henry Gates III is an American business magnate, software developer, investor, author, and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of Microsoft, along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen.