Machu Picchu Peru Guide: Tours, Hiking, Maps, Buildings, Facts and History

Machu Picchu, often written Machupijchu, is a site of ancient Inca ruins located approximately 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Cuzco, Peru, in the Cordillera de Vilcabamba of the Andes Mountains.

It is claimed that Inca rulers used Machu Picchu as a sacred religious place or a royal residence preceding the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century.

Some historians and anthropologists have speculated that it was constructed and started being inhabited around 1420 AD to 1530 AD.

It is still being determined by scholars and scientists why the ancient city of Machu Picchu was constructed. However, evidence of skeletal and material remnants suggests the Inca people built Machu Picchu to function as a royal retreat.

Moreover, there is no concrete evidence of why the Incas abandoned the site and where they went when they left such a unique place.

In addition, when it comes to the climate, the weather at Machu Picchu is often nice and warm throughout the day, and then it gradually becomes colder as the evening progresses.

The region experiences temperatures ranging from 50 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (12 and 24 degrees Celsius). The dry and rainy seasons at Machu Picchu are the most distinguishing features of the climate there.

The location of the ancient city is significant, and two mountain ranges cut across it: the Urubamba mountain range and the Vilcanota mountain range.

In addition, the citadel of Machu Picchu is encircled by three mountains: Huayna Picchu, Putucusi, and Machu Picchu mountain. At an elevation of 6,271 meters above sea level, the enormous Salkantay is the closest snow-capped mountain to Machu Picchu.  Salkantay mountain is the second-highest point in the entire Cusco region.

Also, in the lost city of Machu Picchu, centuries-old structures still stand proudly upon its mountainside. Among them are beautiful baths, residences, and temples that give us a glimpse of the past when the incan people cultivated crops such as maize, beans, and potatoes in terraced fields on its outskirts.

In addition, the water from the well-known Vilcanota River flows through the Machu Picchu canyon, which is situated on a slope roughly 500 meters in elevation.

Machu Picchu has become one of the most well-known archaeological sites in the world due to the exceptional preservation of the site, the high quality of the architecture that it contains, and the astounding mountain vistas that it occupies.

As a result, it has become an important contributor to Peru’s economy due to the growing tourism industry.

A village built at the mountain’s base called Aguas Calientes became a cultural hub with hundreds of hotels, tourist stores, and restaurants. Tourism at Machu Picchu currently contributes more than $40 million annually to Peru’s economy.

Furthermore, despite the current problem caused by COVID-19, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture reports around 1,500,000 visitors to the location in 2022.

What is The History Of Machu Picchu?

Machu Picchu is thought to be surrender by an aura of mystery, however, a massive throve of information is known about its construction and the reasons why its structures were erected. The dominant theory about it suggest that it was the royal hacienda of the Inca ruler Pachacuti Inca Yupanki who built it in the late XIV century, on top of a mountain ridge above the magnificent Wilkamayu river (Urubamba river) of Peru.

It took around three or four days to hike from Cusco, the Inca empire capital, to Machu Picchu, which was located approximately 3,000 feet lower in elevation (7,972 feet/ 2,340 meters) compared to the 3,399 meters / 11,152 feet above sea level of Cusco and had more pleasant temperatures. It was meant to be a place where the Inca emperor and his family could attend government business, religious rituals, banquets, and celebrations, all while staking a claim to land that would one day belong to his descendants.

The site was chosen because it fits in with the Andean worldview, especially because it has clear views of nearby mountain peaks called Apus, which have been seen as ancestral gods for a long time in the Andes. The site has homes for both royal people and maintenance workers. There are astronomical observatories, religious shrines, ceremonial fountains, and farming terraces that function as retaining walls in the complex.  At the site, archeologists found carved rock outcroppings, which are a signature of Inca art and religious belief.

Also, most of the Incas’ wealth came from the monopoly and management of resources, including people, tools, and minerals. The gold and silver that the Incas utilized came entirely from surface sources, such as nuggets discovered on the ground or river beds that were panned. The Incas placed a high utility and spiritual value on gold and silver and used them for decorative and ritualistic purposes.

There was no mining during that time for gold and silver. However, the tools used to cut and mold the stones to build the structures of Machu Picchu were primitive and made of bronze which in many cases were effective when cutting harder rocks. In other circumstances, they applied a method of direct percussion using other harder stones to mold the rocks before they were transported.

Also, the herding and farming practices that were implemented at Machu Picchu’s agricultural terraces were developed for thousands of years at high altitudes in the Andes Mountains.

Hiram Bingham, a renowned historian, and archaeologist from Yale University in the US, rediscovered the ancient city of Machu Picchu after he was taken there by some local people who lived in the Area. Since then, Machu Picchu has been recognized as a masterpiece of engineering and architecture and named one of the world’s new seven wonders. At the time and for almost an entire century, Machu Picchu was considered one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the past century.\\

Machu Picchu became a source of endless stories about the greatness of the Inca and the native aboriginal people of the Andes since Machu Picchu was correctly brought back to the historical stage. Hiram Bingham’s book, the Lost City of the Incas, written after he concluded his explorations of this puzzling place, and Turn Right at Machu Picchu, written by Mark Adams, are both well-known books that have earned lots of readers. The latter inspired by the narrations by Hiram Bingham

Is Machu Picchu Important for Peru’s History?

Machu Picchu is significantly important to Peru’s history, as it symbolizes the most outstanding achievement of the Andean civilization and rests at the foundation of the Peruvian identity. The Inca, the most advanced native aboriginal people of South America, whose legacy remains alive in the Peruvian people, influenced the Andean world through their culture and language up to the present day.

Where is Machu Picchu Located?

Machupicchu is located in the Cordillera de Vilcabamba of the Andes Mountain Range, which is part of the Urubamba Province. At an elevation of 7,710 feet (2,350 meters) and located 80 kilometers (50 miles) to the northwest of Cuzco, it is positioned above the Urubamba River valley in a narrow saddle between two rocky peaks known as Machu Picchu (“Old Peak”) and Huayna Picchu (“Young  Peak”). The Urubamba River flows by it, ripping through the Cordillera, forming a canyon with a tropical mountain climate due to its proximity to the equator.

What are the coordinates of Machu Picchu?

The geographic coordinates of Machu Picchu, Peru, 13°09′29″ S in Latitude, 72°31′53″ W in Longitude, and the elevation above sea level ranges from 2438 m = 7998 ft.

What are the Tours for Machu Picchu?

There are three types of tours that people can take to get to Machu Picchu. People can get there through hiking, be that a day hike or multi-day hiking, by car, via Santa Teresa and Hidroelectrica, deemed the ‘back door of Machu’ or simply by train, as most people do. Below are the three types of Machu Picchu tours.

1. Machu Picchu Hiking Tours.

There are two types of hiking tours to Machu Picchu; the Inca Trail and the alternative hiking tours. On the one hand, the Inca Trail hike has four different routes: the classic 4-day Inca Trail tour, the 5-day Inca trail tour, the six-day Salkantay Trek and Inca Trail combination, and the short Inca trail. On the other hand, the alternative hikes to Machu Picchu are the Salkantay trek, the Lares Trek, the Vilcabamba trek, and the Choquequirao to Machu Picchu trek.

All Inca Trail routes end up directly in Machu Picchu as they enter through the famous sun gate or Intipunku; conversely, the alternative treks do not enjoy that privilege.

The Inca Trail is located entirely within the Machu Picchu National Sanctuary, while the alternative hikes are located outside the buffer area or elsewhere; this is why all Inca trail tours require permits to enter the park. Inca Trail Permits must be obtained between four and six months in advance. Conversely, alternative treks only require tickets for Machu Picchu, which can be booked two to three months in advance.

The 5-day Inca Trail tour and the Short Inca Trail are great options for families with children and elders who want to explore one of South America’s most iconic destinations. However, visitors should be aware that these trails are only suitable for people in decent physical condition, as they must be completed entirely by foot.

Alternative hikes offer the chance to travel by horse, making them a more accessible option for people of all ages. However, due to the high altitude of the Andes Mountains and surrounding trail areas, those attempting these tours should ensure that they have adequately acclimatized beforehand.

Regarding prices, Inca Trail tours can range anywhere from 650 USD to an extravagant 5000 USD per person, depending on the type of tour tourists choose to book. Tour operators offer various options, including group tours, private tours, and exclusive luxury glamping tours.

2. Machu Picchu Tours By Train.

Travelers who do not wish to hike to Machu Picchu can take the Machu Picchu by train tours such as the Full-day Machu Picchu by train tour, the Sacred Valley plus Machu Picchu by train tour, or the two-day Machu Picchu by train.

The latter includes a double visit to Machu Picchu and the famous climbing hike to Huayna Picchu mountain. All tours by train are recommended for anyone; people can make reservations even one week before their travel, depending on the season.

Permits for Machu Picchu during the high season from June to August are sold out at least one to two months before. Regarding prices, the tours by train range between 250 USD and 300 USD for a day tour and 350 USD to 450 USD for a two-day tour.

3. Machu Picchu Tours by Car

2. What is the Best Season for Visiting Machu Picchu?

The shoulder months, April, May, September, and October, have fewer crowds and excellent weather conditions, making them the best months of the year to explore Machu Picchu. June, July, and August are considered dry season months, which, in theory, are ideal for traveling to Machu Picchu. However, all visitors should be aware that these months have the highest tourist volume, which might be off-putting if one looks for peace and calmness.

On the bright side, when tourists visit the Inca City during these months, the days are bright with sunshine, and the landscape of the Inca City is stunning. In addition, the most important celebrations of the year take place in Cusco during these months. These include the well-known festival of the Inti Raymi, which takes place in June, and the Fiestas Patrias del Peru, which takes place in July.

Machu Picchu Map

What are the Closest Destinations to Machu Picchu?

Listed below are the closest destinations to Machu Picchu.

1. Ollantaytambo: Ollantaytambo is located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. The location is breathtaking because of the stone carvings and the platforms that are found there. It is thought that the Inca monarchy used this location as a safe haven at one point in time.

2. Pinkuylluna: Pinkuylluna may be viewed when visiting Ollantaytambo. From the peak of the mountain, which is directly in front of the archaeological site, one may have a view of the remnants that are located on the mountain. These structures, known as Pinkuylluna Qolqas, are thought to have been used as agricultural storage facilities in the past. It is situated on the slopes of the mountain because supplies were more successfully sown in this particular spot.

3. Thermal Baths in Aguas Calientes: The Thermal Baths in Aguas Calientes are the perfect place to recuperate and unwind after the arduous trek through the Machu Picchu citadel.

4. Moray y Maras: Moray y Maras is home to two of the most popular tourist destinations in the Sacred Valley: the Salineras de Maras and the Moray Archaeological Center. Moray y Maras is located in the Sacred Valley. The first is a vast region that is packed with natural salt wells that are older than a hundred million years and were created after the Andes Mountains were originally shaped. On the other side, Moray is home to circular terraces that were once used as agricultural research facilities during the reign of the Inca.

5. Arin Falls: Arin Falls is sometimes referred to as the Cataratas de la Sirena, which literally translates to “Mermaid Falls.” The Aria Falls are yet another attraction that tourists can experience without paying a fee. Visitors can take in a breathtaking panorama of the Sacred Valley from this vantage point. It is a pleasant and calm little tourist town, and the town’s core is filled with fruit trees and cottages that have retained their rustic appearance.

6. Pisac: Pisac is one of the most popular tourist sites in the area around Machu Picchu. Pisac is most well-known for its photogenic market. The area is a must-see because of its outstanding archaeological park, which is distinguished by its vast number of platforms and towers, as well as its colorful fair, which captivates with its magical ambiance.

How to Get from Cusco to Machu Picchu?

Listed below is the guide for getting from Cusco to Machu Picchu.

1. The first thing to do is arrive in Peru; most foreign planes in Peru land in Lima. From there, the next step is to make your way to Cuzco. Tourists can take an aircraft in Lima, which is regarded as the “city of kings,” to reach Cusco in approximately fifty-five minutes. Alternatively, they can go by bus, which, due to the mountainous landscape of Peru, would take about twenty hours of travel time.

2. After arriving in Cusco, tourists can take a train, set off on foot or use a combination of car and hiking to get there. Most tourists look forward to the relaxing two to three-hour train ride from Poroy, close to Cusco, or Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu Station. In contrast, some others will choose the much more prolonged and cheaper “Amazonic Access” which will couple a tedious five-hour car ride from Cusco to Hidroelectrica with a three-hour walk over a path next to the train tracks until they reach Aguas Calientes town. A small minority of people will select to hike the Inca Trail, which after one or four days of hiking, terminates at the Sun Gate of Machu Picchu rather than passing through Aguas Calientes on the way to the ancient incan citadel.

3. Lastly, tourists will travel to Machu Picchu by taking a brief bus ride from Aguas Calientes where the nearest train station to Machu Picchu is located. The ride to Machu Picchu will take approximately twenty-five minutes.

What to know before going to Machu Picchu?

Listed below are the things to know before going to Machu Picchu. 

1. Purchase Tickets in Advance: Buying tickets on the day of the visit is not recommended. It is recommended by most tours that travelers plan their journey at least six months in advance. In some cases, the Inca Trail climb that culminates at Machu Picchu fills up almost an entire year in advance, particularly during high season. It is in the best interest to make preparations as long in advance.

2. Tourists can pay extra fees: When tourists buy their tickets, they can pay an additional fee if they want to trek the mountains surrounding the ruins.  Visitors who want to climb Huayna Picchu should get their admission tickets at least three months in advance, but visitors who want to climb Machu Picchu Mountain must buy their tickets between three and four weeks prior to their trip.

3. Visit Machu Picchu in the Morning: If a visitor has acquired an access ticket for the morning time slot, it is extremely unlikely that they will ask the tourist to leave the site at noon.

4. There are no single bathrooms beyond the entrance: Tourists are permitted one departure and reentry during their visit, which they can use to go to the restroom or for quick snacks outside the ruins. However, if they purchase morning tickets and plan to remain longer than the given time, they must ensure that they are back inside the attraction before noon. 

5. Bring The Passport and Have It Stamped: As a memento of their trip, visitors to Machu Picchu can have their passport stamped with a unique Machu Picchu design.

6. Traveling Without A Guide is Highly Discouraged: Visitors are strongly discouraged from entering the site without a guide, but if they do so anyway, and run into problems, they can hire a guide there and then.

7. Do Not Wear Shorts: Always protect the skin from mosquito bites in Machu Picchu by wearing long pants rather than shorts. The most effective method for avoiding these irritating red welts is to dress in long pants and sleeves whenever possible, even when the temperature is high. 

8. Bring These Important Things: Be sure to carry some sunblock, insect repellent, and shampoo, at the very least. Since the temperature can range from very frigid in the mornings to very hot in the middle of the day and quite rainy at any moment, it is a good idea to wear shoes that are comfortable for walking, a raincoat, and multiple layers of clothes. In addition, carrying a backpack that is either small or regular in size is permitted, however, carrying a backpack that is excessively large is not permitted.

9. Tourists Can Still Bring Water Bottles: Refillable water bottles are permitted.

10. Take Bus From Aguas Calientes: Tourists can trek to Machu Picchu from Aguas Calientes, although it takes one to two hours and is steep. The 20-minute bus journey to the top can be purchased the night before in Aguas Calientes.

When is Machu Picchu Open?

Machu Picchu is open every day of the year and will continue to be accessible to visitors on a daily basis from six in the morning until five o’clock in the afternoon in the year 2023. In addition, the months of April through October, considered the dry season, are the ideal months to make a trip to Machu Picchu. At this time of year, there is just a trace amount of precipitation, and the sky is typically clear.

Having said that, it is crucial to keep in mind that even during the dry season, there may be isolated instances of rain. Travelers to Machu Picchu during the wet season, which runs from November to March, should be prepared for increased precipitation and cloud cover. In addition, January and February are the greatest months for travelers to visit Machu Picchu if they want to see the site without a lot of other people. During these months, travelers will discover great hotel offers, the best train schedules, and amazing prices for everything.

On the other hand, these are the months that mark the height of the rainy season; therefore, vacationers should always be ready to pack reliable rain gear in order to avoid being held up by inclement weather. In addition, June, July, and August are the busiest months of the year. In order to visit Machu Picchu, tourists need to book their tours in advance so that they may get the finest times and locations.

During these months, visitors to Machu Picchu need to be aware that there will likely be a long line to board the bus and enter the site. Going to Machu Picchu in the early morning or late afternoon is recommended for the finest experience. Tourists will have a terrific time seeing Machu Picchu with fewer early visitors if they arrive at the citadel around six in the morning. They will also be able to witness the breathtaking dawn at Machu Picchu. When tourists arrive at the attraction after nine in the morning,

on the other hand, they will have a greater chance of experiencing pleasant weather and taking stunning photographs. Furthermore, visits in the late afternoon will provide an excellent opportunity to appreciate the citadel in peace and quiet.

How is the Machu Picchu Itinerary?

The best itinerary to visit Machu Picchu will take approximately one week or seven days. The journey to Machu Picchu, which usually lasts for seven days, will undoubtedly provide travelers with the opportunity to fully enjoy the scenic splendor of the location itself and the other locations in the surrounding area that are worthy of a visit. Since travelers can explore the surrounding area even while staying in neighboring locations, a vacation that lasts seven days may be ideal for tourists interested in engaging in exploratory travel. Furthermore, the itinerary below will help travelers acclimate quickly to the high altitude of the Cusco area while visiting some of the most impressive attractions of Cusco and the Machu Picchu areas.

• Day One: Arrive in Cusco and take a city tour to get acquainted with this magical place.
• Day Two: Explore Saqsaywaman, Qenqo, and the Archeological attractions outside Cusco.
• Day Three: Take a day trip to the Sacred Valley and enjoy the breathtaking views of the Pisaq market, the Ollantaytambo fortress, the mindblowing Moray circular terraces, and the psychedelic Maras Salt mines.
• Day Four: Hike the Rainbow Mountain, which is a geological wonder.
• Day five to Seven: Explore Machu Picchu by train or go hiking via the Inca Trail.

What is the Best vehicle for Visiting Machu Picchu?

The train is by far the most comfortable and convenient way to travel to Machu Picchu. Two train companies offer services to reach Machu Picchu: PeruRail and IncaRail. Tourists can take any one of these trains to get there. When traveling to and from Machu Picchu, passengers who travel by train with PeruRail have access to luxury trains that travel through the breathtaking Sacred Valley. There are three distinct varieties of trains that can be used to travel to a destination; the Expedition train is the most cost-effective option.

The Vistadome train is slightly more comfortable than the Expedition, providing a better outlook with windows on the corners and ceiling. The Belmont Hiram Bingham train is the most luxurious of all trains traveling to Machu Picchu. A restaurant, an observatory, a bar, and several more amenities are available to guests. However, despite its expensive cost, the Belmont Hiram Bingham is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. On the other hand, tourists can take Inca Rail to arrive at the archaeological site of Machu Picchu. The Voyager, the 360, the first class, and the private trains are the different classes of trains that fall under the Inca Rail umbrella.

The Voyager is the most affordable train option that can accommodate 42 passengers at a time. The seats have tables and comfortable chairs, and guests can take in breathtaking scenery through the glass windows. On the other hand, the 360 is larger and wider, with additional windows providing a view in every direction. In addition to that, there is a bar located on the outdoor viewing carriage.

Pricier options like first class and private travel are the best options, but they come at a higher price. Both the first class and the private cabins provide outstanding service. Tourists can dine and drink at a table in a comfortable setting while taking in the breathtaking scenery that is passing by.

How many hours should a person spend in Machu Picchu?

Three hours is the maximum a visitor can spend at Machu Picchu per regulations mandated by the Peruvian Government.

Those travelers who plan on climbing either Machu Picchu mountain or Huayna Picchu mountain will spend up to 6 hours within the premises of the archeological park. Hourly time slots are assigned to every entry ticket to Machu Picchu, and people can only enter the Inca citadel during the designated slot. 

Since 2022, a new system for visiting Machu Picchu has been placed. There are five circuits for people to take when visiting Machu Picchu. The best, longest, and most wanted circuits are numbers ONE and TWO, as they allow travelers to access the lookout terraces from where they can see the classic vista of Machu Picchu. Routes three and four are designated to those who hiked the Inca Trail, and route number five is assigned to those who want to climb Huayna Picchu mountain.

People who want to spend more time at Machu Picchu should book two separate entry tickets.

Machu Picchu is open from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, all year round, including holidays.

Is it possible to stay at Machu Picchu?

No, it is not possible to stay within Machu Picchu, nor is it a place where overnight visits are permitted. The closest to Machu Picchu that people can stay is the luxurious five-star Bemond Machu Picchu Sanctuary Hotel.

However, even the Sanctuary hotel guests can only enter Machu Picchu during the assigned opening hours.

The nearest campground to Machu Picchu is located 20 minutes by bus at the bottom of the mountain, next to the river at the Campamento Municipal. Also, most hotels are located in Machu Picchu town or Aguas Calientes, located 25 minutes from Machu Picchu.

Which Civilization Built Machu Picchu?

Scholars believe that the Inca civilization was responsible for the construction of Machu Picchu. One of the most recent leading theories about Machu Picchu suggests that the citadel was built at the end of the XIV century by Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the most influential man in the history of the Andean people.

Pachacuti, or the Earth’s transformer as his name is translated, was the one who commanded his people to build Machu Picchu and other massive Incan settlements in South America. Scholars believe that approximately 5,000 people working at all times and for about forty years were responsible for the construction of Machu Picchu.

The Inca civilization expanded throughout the Andean mountains of South America until their collapse in the early XXVI century. It covered territories of Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador. Essentially, it was a pan-Andean empire that absorbed hundreds of ethnic groups, and small and big kingdoms, throughout a vast territory comprehending an enormous amount of ecosystems.

How is the Inca Architecture in Machu Picchu?

What are the Findings in Machu Picchu?

More than 120 human remains of both female and male characters, together with over 46,000 pieces, were excavated between 1912 and 1925 by the archeologists in charge of doing the first excavation works at Machu Picchu, led by Hiram Bingham.

It is widely understood that most artifacts found at Machu Picchu were associated with the daily activities of the inhabitants of Machu Picchu, such as pottery glasses, pots and vessels, and objects made from tin bronze, an alloy of copper associated with the Inca State.

A small number of items made of gold and silver were also found at Machu Picchu, and it is claimed that no riches were found in the area. Some of these objects can be seen at the Machu Picchu site museum and the Peabody Museum at Yale University in the USA.

How many buildings exist in Machu Picchu?

What are the myths about Machu Picchu?

Listed below are the myths about Machu Picchu.

Is Machu Picchu safe?

Yes, Machu Picchu is a safe place as far as being robbed is concerned. However, it’s highly recommended for tourists to follow the security guidelines for how to acclimate properly to the altitude. In addition, those who plan on climbing Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu mountain should be aware that the path to those places does not have rails to hold onto and are not recommended for people with a fear of heights.

What are the Books About Machu Picchu?

Listed below are the books about Machu Picchu.

1.  The Lost City of Incas by Hiram Bingham III. First Published in 1948, USA
2. Turn Right at Machu Picchu by Mark Adams. First Published in 2011, USA
3. The Heights of Machu Picchu by Pablo Neruda. First Published 1944, Chile.
4. Machu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas by Richard L. Burger and Lucy C. Salazar. 2004, USA

Who is the archaeologist who worked on Machu Picchu?

Hiram Bingham, an American archaeologist, historian, and politician, was the first person who conducted organized archeological works at Machu Picchu in 1911. Bingham was supported by the National Geographic Society and the Yale university to do his works of excavation. In addition, the Peruvian government of Augusto B. Leguia provided him with the necessary help of provisions and others to carry on his endeavor. Bingham and his work were the primary driving factors behind the archaeological exploration of sites in the Andes and other regions of South America.

Is Machu Picchu in UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

Yes, Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983 when the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), referred to it as “the scenically most attractive mountainous terrain of the Peruvian Andes.” High praise, and indeed, one could claim that if there were no ruins to view, the atmosphere of the place, the beauty, and the ecosystem of the cloud forest would make this a worthwhile excursion regardless.

What does Machu Picchu Mean?

Machu, when translated from the Quechua language, means “old” or “ancient,” while Picchu, also spelled pikchu, refers to a “mountain” or “peak.” The name was created somewhere in the middle of the 1400s and 1500s.

What is Machu Picchu District?

The Machu Picchu district, also referred to as the Aguas Calientes district is one of the seven districts of the Urubamba province where the Machu Picchu site is located. The Machupicchu District is located in the farmost of the Sacred Valley, which is situated around 80 kilometers (50 miles) to the northwest of Cuzco and is traversed by the Urubamba River. Machu Picchu Pueblo is the most important tourist hub due to its proximity to the ancient archaeological site.

Is Urubamba River close to the Machu Picchu?

Does the Urubamba River affect the History of Machu Picchu?

How did the people of Machu Pichu Live in the Past?

How was the economy of Machu Picchu?

How was Daily Life in Machu Picchu?

How was Agriculture in Machu Picchu?

The agricultural and herding practices that culminated in Machu Picchu’s agriculture were carried out at high altitudes in the Andes Mountains for thousands of years. The Inca were able to increase the amount of land that could be exploited for agricultural purposes by building massive terraces. The Incas were able to cultivate hardy strains of food crops like potatoes, quinoa, and corn due to the creation of terraced agricultural systems. They constructed water storage cisterns and irrigation canals gliding and sloping their way down and across the mountains. At Machu Picchu, the Incas carved terraces into the hillside, which became increasingly steep as they moved from the valley up the hills.

How was Mining in Machu Picchu?

The Incas possessed significant amounts of gold and silver, which lacked economic power but represented nobility status and importance. The gold and silver used by the Inca came exclusively from surface sources, either in the form of gemstones or as a result of panning river beds. There were no mines among their possessions and no mining during that time. On the other hand, when they were mining stones to utilize in the construction of Machu Picchu, they employed tools made of bronze to cut the rocks and more rigid stones from a quarry nearby.

What were the Religious Beliefs in Machu Picchu?

How is the Past of Machu Picchu presented to the visitors?

How is the Preservation of Machu Picchu?

Is there a modern town of Machu Picchu?

How is the Geography of Machu Picchu?

Machu Picchu is located on the easter slopes of the cloud first of the southern Peruvian Andean Mountains at an elevation of 79000ft or 2500 meters above sea level. The citadel is part of what is geographically understood as the “Vilcabamba batholith,” a massive, intrusive igneous or plutonic rock. Machu Picchu sits at the center of two mountain ranges: the Urubamba and Vilcanota. Also, three mountains surround the Machu Picchu citadel: Huayna Picchu, Putucusi, and Machu Picchu mountain. On the outskirts of the Machu Picchu sanctuary is located the massive Salkantay, the mountain which is the second-tallest mountain in the Cusco region at 21000ft or 6,271 meters above mean sea level. Moreover, the water from the famous Vilcanota River flows through the deep valleys of Machu Picchu headed to the Amazon basin.

How is the Map of Machu Picchu Layout?

What are the Prominent Historical Ruins in Machu Picchu?

Listed below are some prominent historical ruins in Machu Picchu

Intihuatana: Intihuatana is the location where the sun wraps itself around the horizon. According to feedback from many travelers, this location is where tourists can feel the electricity in the air. The Stone is shrouded in a significant number of mysteries.

• The Temple of the Moon is a collection of caves that have been intricately carved, and one of such caves is referred to as the moon of the temple (Quilla In the native language). The building’s purpose was to ensure that the mummies, which held significant and ethereal religious significance, were adequately cared for.
• The Sun Gate, or Inti Punku, is one of the most significant archaeological structures that leads to Machu Picchu. People mistakenly believe that the steps leading up to the Sun Gate Inti Punku was a gate terminal regulating who could enter and leave the Sanctuary.
• The Temple of the Sun, also known as Torreon, was a holy sanctuary established by the Incas from within Machu Picchu to pay respect and give sacrifices to the sun. It is the most significant structure in Machu Picchu.
•  The Temple of Three Windows also referred to as the Windows of the Universe, is one of the most breathtaking sights to visit and a highly important place due to its proximity to the central square in which the city is located. Each region of the earth is represented by one of these three windows: the underworld (Uka-Pacha), heaven (Hanan-Pacha), and the present, also known as actual time (Kay-Pacha).
• The Temple of the Sun (Torreon) was built to pay homage to the sun and make offerings to it as it was an astronomical observatory. It is the most significant structure in Machu Picchu and is located within the Temple of the Sun. The placement of the temple of the sun is intended to convey the idea that it occupies the spot in the city that is directly connected with the sunrise at different times of the year, particularly solstices and equinoxes.

• The Intihuatana Stone was used in rituals and is often referred to as the “Hitching Post of the Sun.” Inca priests used the Stone for astronomical observation, particularly of the sun. During the rituals during the solstices, the priest used a sacred string to bind the sun to the Holy Stone figuratively. Inti Mach’ay and the Royal Feast of Sun. Inti Mach’ay is a unique cave that was utilized to witness the Royal Feast of the Sun. In the Incan calendar, the celebration occurred during the month known as Qhapaq Raymi. It started earlier in the month and continued till the winter solstice ended. The Incas hold the Royal Feast of the Sun, also known as Inti Mach’ay, in high regard since it is a customary part of their culture to express gratitude to the sun for its gift of life. As they stood within the cave and observed the sunrise on this particular day, privileged boys were given the honor of being initiated into adulthood by having their ears pierced during the ceremony.

How is Machu Pichu Constructed?

The Inca, known as the builders of Machu Picchu, utilized a dry stone technique to construct the city. Stone bricks were used in the construction of places of utmost importance such as temples and palaces, but no mortar or other substance was used to hold them together. The boulders were taken from the mountain where the city is situated to construct them. Rocks were chiseled into peculiar forms, and the arrangement of the bricks was done in the same method as a jigsaw puzzle. The walls of the buildings were of varying heights and were created of stones that had been arranged in a proper order. Since building pieces interlock and interlock with one another so effectively without needing mortar, they have endured centuries without experiencing significant modification or erosion.

Who is the architect of the City of Machu Picchu?

In the middle of the 15th century, it is thought that Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the ninth Inca king, was responsible for the construction of Machu Picchu. As the builder of the Inca empire, Pachacuti was responsible for starting a series of battles that would eventually lead to the expansion of the Inca kingdom over South America, all the way from Ecuador to Chile. The Inca Empire was capable of producing some of the most remarkable works of architecture including, Cusco, Ollantaytambo, and Machu Picchu to name a few, which can still be seen thanks to the huge number of ruins that have been left behind.

Which materials were used for the Construction of Macchu Picchu?

Granite, a type of rock with a high density that is common in the area, was used in the construction of Machu Picchu. Some of the rocks were carved out of the granite that made up the bedrock of the mountain range. It was erected without the use of wheels; instead, hundreds of men moved the huge stone up the steep mountainside. In addition, the buildings of Machu Picchu were constructed using a method that is known as “Idquo ashlar.” This method involves cutting stones such that they fit together without the use of cement.

What is Transportation to Macchu Picchu like?

Peru Rail and Inca Rail are the two names of the companies operating the train services that travel to Machu Picchu. They provide daily departures at multiple times throughout the day. The purchase of tickets to Machu Picchu in advance is the single most critical preparation that tourists must do for their trip to Machu Picchu; only after this must they purchase tickets for the train ride. In addition, the Inca road was the route that was used the most during the entirety of Machu Picchu’s history. There are many elements of the ancient Inca road network that have been preserved and are still in use today. These sections include enormous stone stairways and bridges that allow modern tourists to access the monument.

What did Richard Lewis Burger find for Machu Picchu Transportation and Roads?

Richard Lewis Burger, a former director of Yale’s Peabody Museum is credited with his work comparing the Inca road network, also known as qhapaq nan to the “Skeleton of fish”. It is primarily organized along a major north-south axis, and it has a large number of secondary roads that radiate out from east to west. The Inca road system evolved from a larger network that was referred to as the royal highway. The royal highway eventually became an essential component of the Inca Empire. The construction of roads through plains, deserts, and mountains made it easier for armies, people, and products to travel from one location to another. In addition, Inca roads extended over 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles), effectively forming two primary highways that ran from north to south throughout the Inca Empire, which eventually encompassed ancient Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. These roads were arranged in a grid pattern.

What is the contribution of Macchu Picchu to Tourism in Peru?

Tourism at Machu Picchu currently contributes over $40 million to Peru’s economy each year; Aguas Calientes, a hamlet built at the snow-capped base, became a tourist hub with over 100 hotels, souvenir stores, and restaurants. Perurail, a Cuzco-owned railway to the mountain’s foot, from which a bus transports tourists to the summit.

Furthermore, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture estimates that in 2021, around 444,500 individuals have flown to the Andes Mountains and passed through all administrative paperwork to reach Machu Picchu. This was less than 1/3 of the total attendance in 2019, prior to the coronavirus epidemic.

Despite the public tears poured by Machu Picchu’s heartbroken Mayor Darwin Baca, Peru’s President banned Machu Picchu and several tourist locations for the whole month of February 2021.

When Machu Picchu reopened on March 1 with a limited capacity, a few intrepid visitors were compensated with personalized dream tours of a solitary citadel. Furthermore, tourists trickled in and gradually surged in August 2021, when the restricted number of entry tickets were sold out due to Peruvians flocking to witness their national treasure.

As a stopgap measure, the new administration permitted distressed Peruvian tourists to purchase tickets for future dates of use, and eventually, the government launched Machu Picchu admission tickets at full capacity, and demand leveled out and stabilized.

The overall number of visitors to Machu Picchu in 2021 constituted 29.7 percent of the substantial amount in 2019 when more than 1.5 million tourists passed through the gates. As of 2022, the quantity of tickets has reached full capacity, and the daily rate for foreigners is approximately 2220.

Furthermore, there are an equal number of tickets for Peruvians and CAN residents; from Latino nations, totaling over 4400 tourists into Machu Picchu’s main entry every day.

Does Machu Picchu have a No-fly Zone?

Yes, Machu Picchu has a No-fly Zonebut one can fly a drone under strict permissions of the Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones (Ministry of Transport and Communication) MTC Furthermore, the name Machu Picchu means “Old Peak” but recent studies have concluded that its original name during Incan times could have been Huayna Picchu (young mountain) or simply  ‘Picchu’ (mountain, jungle).

Is Machu Picchu under danger?

Yes, Machu Picchu is under threat. There are many dangers that lurk around Machu Picchu, including excessive tourism, which is particularly harmful to the fragile site; the production of solid waste, unsustainable high agricultural practices; grazing and wildfires, erosion, mudslides, resource extraction, and the emergence of exotic plants. In September 1997, Machu Picchu was threatened by a massive bushfire, which prompted firefighters to pump water to the forest surrounding the site to keep the fire from damaging the ruins. This is a concrete example of the dangers that exist in Machu Picchu. Another concrete example of the threats that occurred in Machu Picchu is the event in January 2020, in which ladies from Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and France were captured trespassing onto the site illegally and breaking a stone wall in the ruin’s sanctuary; Temple of the Sun. 

Is Machu Picchu floated in the past?

No, Machu Picchu is not floating in the past. However, the people who live there, like the Incas, remark that it makes them sense as though they are floating. Machu Picchu, which is located in Peru and translates to “Old Peak” or “Old Mountain” in the indigenous language of Quechua, is regarded as one of the most well-known, as well as one of the most mysterious, of all the ancient Inca ruins. Since its discovery by Hiram Bingham in 1911, Machu Picchu has been hailed as the seventh wonder of the world and has been a source of national and international pride for the country of Peru. It is perched at an elevation of 2,400 meters above sea level, and its one-of-a-kind stone edifice is dispersed over a slender and irregular mountain vista, snuggled up against a sheer cliff that is 400 meters in height. It looks out over the Urubamba Valley and River. The entire city was hidden from roving conquistadors for centuries, so it was preserved. Additionally, the city’s extremely isolated location gives it the impression that it is hanging on a cloud of mist.

How many Artifacts exist in Machu Picchu?

During excavations that took place between 1912 and 1915, approximately 46,000 artifacts were discovered. These artifacts included ceramic vessels, silver statues, gold and silver jewelry, and skeletal remains. Many of these artifacts have been on display at Yale’s Peabody Museum ever since they were brought to the United States.

How does the University of Yale return the artifacts of Machu Picchu?

Peru and Yale have fought over the relics for years. Yale archaeologist Hiram Bingham III established a camp in Ollantaytambo in 1911. From there, he went to Machu Picchu. Bingham’s National Geographic articles popularized the place. With Peruvian government permission, he excavated hundreds of artifacts; jewelry, tools, human bones, and cremics. When Bingham returned in 1912, Peru allowed Yale to study the artifacts.

Yale’s scientific commitment was recognized, but the artifacts might be handed back anytime Peru asked. Some relics were returned, but most stayed at Yale’s Peabody Museum. The university transported the relics to New Haven for study. Yale claimed possession of the collection and asserted that finders of artifacts were permitted to keep them, notwithstanding Bingham’s written acknowledgment of an obligation to give back the artifacts.  Peru sued in U.S. federal court over escalating demands in 2008.

November saw Peru’s robust media blitz. Peruvian President Alan Garcia led thousands of demonstrators through Lima’s streets. Garcia requested Obama to intervene, and the Peruvians requested the pope to intervene. Yale’s president sent a delegate to Lima to open negotiations with the Garcia administration. Yale anthropologist professor Richard Burger was on the negotiation team.

Two sides inked an MOU within days.  Yale had originally insisted on keeping the artificers for the next 99 years. Now, the artifacts will go to an institution in Cuzco, the Inca capital. Then, P eru will create a museum and research institute to house its collections.

Some Sample Artifacts from Machu Picchu

Listed below are some examples of artifacts from Machu Picchu

1. El Aribalo: El Aribalo is a ceramic jar used for transporting, preserving, and serving beer that is brewed from corn.  The tribal pottery was put to use not only in day-to-day life but also in the service of the dead as grave goods.

2. El Quero: El Quero was a type of glass that originated in the Inca culture. It was used to consume liquids such as the customary chicha de jora drink. El Quero was a piece of earthenware.

Both the people of the Tiahuanaco civilization and the Incas employed the El Quero as a ceremonial container during important religious events. These celebrations took place at sacred sites.

3. Bismuth (Ceremonial Knife): The ceremonial knife made of bismuth was the earliest Inca artifact discovered in Machu Picchu.

4. White Kaolin Plate: The White Kaolin Plate was discovered at an old burial site containing three adult women’s remains.

5. Inca Textiles: Inca textiles were created out of cotton, particularly along the coast and in the eastern lowlands, or wool from llamas, alpacas, and vicunas, which was more popular in the highlands.

Cotton was more frequent on the coast and in the eastern lowlands. Only the Inca ruler was permitted to keep vicuna herds, and goods that were created with the wool of the super-soft vicuna were limited. 

What are the Movies about Machu Picchu?

Listed below are the movies about Machu Picchu.

1. The Secret of the Incas (1954): In the movie series “The Secret of the Incas,” the main plot is around an expedition that is searching for the precious Inca Sunburst Treasure, which was hidden during the Spanish conquest of Peru more than 500 years ago.

2. The Ghost of Machu Picchu (2010): In “The Ghost of Machu Picchu,” it is explained how the Inca were able to construct a city on such steep terrain in a location that experienced such high levels of precipitation, without the city itself sliding down the mountain.

3. The Lost City of Machu Picchu (2019): In “The Lost City of Machu Picchu,” there is an explanation of gateways and corridors that provide a glimpse into the city’s spectral history. It provides information regarding the enigmatic culture as well as the people who constructed the metropolis.